Health Desk
Sandeep Dhand Ludhiana
Journalist & Research Analysist
Kerala Sees First Case in 38-Year-Old Youth Returning from UAE
India has reported its first case of the Clade 1 variant of Mpox, which has been confirmed in a 38-year-old individual who recently returned to Kerala from the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This case marks the country’s introduction to the new strain of the virus. According to health ministry sources, the patient arrived last week and was admitted to the government medical college hospital in Manjeri, Malappuram, after showing symptoms of the disease.
The Clade 1 variant of Mpox is considered more dangerous compared to previous strains, particularly Clade 2, which was responsible for earlier infections. The World Health Organization (WHO) recently declared Mpox a global public health emergency again in August 2024 due to the spread of this new and deadlier strain known as Clade 1b.
Delhi Reported Previous Case of Different Strain
Earlier in the month, a 26-year-old from Hisar, Haryana, tested positive for the West African Clade 2 strain of Mpox in Delhi. The Clade 2 variant was the dominant strain that caused outbreaks in 2022–2023. This newly reported case in Kerala, however, involves a more concerning strain, which led to the renewed public health emergency.
India’s Total Mpox Cases Since 2022
Since the declaration of Mpox as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the WHO in 2022, India has reported a total of 30 cases of Mpox. Although the spread of the virus in the country has been limited compared to other nations, the emergence of the Clade 1 variant raises new challenges for healthcare authorities.
Patient’s Condition Stable, Contact Tracing Underway
The health ministry confirmed that the patient in Kerala is currently in a stable condition. As a precautionary measure, contact tracing efforts are in full swing to identify and monitor any individuals who may have come into contact with the infected person. The ministry also reassured the public that there is no immediate cause for widespread concern, as the virus is unlikely to cause a large-scale outbreak like COVID-19.
Difference from COVID-19: Lower Risk of Mass Transmission
Health experts have emphasized that Mpox, while serious, does not pose the same risk of mass transmission as COVID-19. The virus primarily spreads through close physical contact, exchange of bodily fluids, and contaminated materials like bedding and clothing. Unlike COVID-19, which spread easily through airborne droplets, Mpox requires more direct interaction between individuals.
The mortality rate of Mpox is also much lower compared to COVID-19. Most infections are self-limiting, meaning they resolve on their own within two to four weeks. Supportive medical care can help manage symptoms and ensure recovery in most cases.
Common Symptoms and Complications of Mpox
Mpox usually begins with common symptoms such as fever, a distinct rash, and swollen lymph nodes. In some cases, the virus can lead to medical complications, including skin infections, respiratory issues, and eye problems. However, with proper medical attention, these complications are generally manageable.
The disease often progresses in stages, starting with flu-like symptoms before the appearance of the rash, which can spread across the body, including the face, hands, and genitals. As the infection runs its course, the rash may develop into lesions, which eventually crust over and heal.
Kerala Health Minister Appeals for Public Cooperation
In response to the recent case, Kerala’s health minister has issued a public appeal urging individuals, especially those returning from abroad, to remain vigilant. Anyone who experiences symptoms associated with Mpox, such as fever, rash, or swollen lymph nodes, should immediately report to the health department and seek treatment.
To ensure proper care, the state government has arranged treatment and isolation facilities at various state-run hospitals across Kerala. Additionally, all medical colleges in the state are equipped to treat and manage Mpox cases. In a social media post, the minister also released a list of hospitals in different districts where individuals can receive medical assistance.
WHO Guidelines for Managing Mpox
According to the World Health Organization, Mpox, previously known as monkeypox, is a viral disease caused by the monkeypox virus, which belongs to the Orthopoxvirus genus. There are two main variants of the virus: Clade I (with subclades Ia and Ib) and Clade II (with subclades IIa and IIb). The global Mpox outbreak of 2022–2023 was caused by the Clade IIb strain, which primarily affected countries outside Africa.
Mpox is treated with supportive care that focuses on relieving symptoms such as pain and fever. Patients are encouraged to maintain good nutrition, hydration, and skin care to prevent secondary infections. Those with co-infections, such as HIV, receive additional care to manage their overall health. Antiviral medications and vaccines may be used in severe cases, although the majority of infections resolve without complications.
Preventive Measures and Public Health Efforts
Health authorities recommend several preventive measures to reduce the spread of Mpox. These include practicing good hygiene, avoiding close contact with infected individuals, and using personal protective equipment when caring for someone with the disease. Individuals who suspect they have been exposed to the virus should isolate themselves and seek medical attention promptly.
Conclusion: Caution but No Cause for Panic
While the emergence of the Clade 1 variant of Mpox in India is concerning, health officials are confident that the virus can be contained with proper precautions. The disease is far less transmissible than COVID-19 and has a lower mortality rate, making mass outbreaks unlikely. However, public cooperation and adherence to health guidelines will be crucial in preventing further spread of the virus. Authorities are closely monitoring the situation and will continue to provide updates as necessary.